Antibacterial Activity of Salmonella Typhi in Combination of Earth-Worms Extract (Lumbricus rubellus) and Turmeric Rhizoma Extract (Curcuma Longa L.) In Vitro

Abstract

Salmonella typhi s a gram-negative bacteria in the form of coccus, is motile and pathogenic, which can cause a salmonellosis (typhoid fever). Treatment of thiophid fever generally uses paracetamol and chloramphenicol. The development of traditional medicine, such as earthworms and turmeric, which is believed to cure typhoid fever. This study aims to determine the activity of a combination of extracts of earthworm and turmeric on the growth of Salmonella typhi. This study applied an experimental laboratory method. The treatment group consisted of a combination of earthworm extract and turmeric rhizome extract at various concentrations (40%: 60%; 50%: 50%; 60%: 40%), solely earthworm extract, solely turmeric rhizome extract and chloramphenicol 30 µg as a control positive. Earthworm extract and turmeric rhizome extract were prepared using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Antibacterial activity test was performed in vitro using disk diffusion method against Salmonella typhi for 24 hours incubated at 37˚C and then the inhibitory zone (mm) was measured. The inhibitory zone was further analyzed using One Way ANOVA statistical analysis. The results showed that turmeric rhizome single extract better combination of earthworm extract and turmeric rhizome extract could inhibit Salmonella typhi growth optimally at a concentration of 50%: 50% with inhibitory value of 11.1 mm which was closer to the value of inhibition positive control ( 21.93 mm) compared with the other groups (p = 0.000).
Keywords: antibacterial activity; earthworm extract; turmeric rhizome extract; concentration; Salmonella typhi; inhibitory power